The Light Bulb A Luminous Invention - 1341 Words

Light bulbs are an invention that transformed the modern world to what we know it to be today. It was first created by Thomas Edison after countless hours of trial and error. He finally found a combination that worked and lasted for twelve hundred hours. It relied on a bamboo filament and was more efficient after Edison was able to remove more oxygen from the bulb. There are now four main types of light bulbs: incandescent, halogens, fluorescent, and LEDs. Although performing one basic task they all have advantages and disadvantages. Incandescent light bulbs are the oldest and most common type of light bulb. Incandescent bulbs have filament made of Tungsten. Tungsten was chosen to be the filament because it can be made very thin, put under high resistance and has a high melting point. This allows electrons to return to lower energy states and it releases photons that are visible to the human eye. Inside of the light bulb, manufactures have to fill bulb with a combination of nitrogen and argon because they are less reactive than oxygen we breathe (Uva, 2011, p. 1). The light bulb actually works due to electrical current being passed through the filament. The electrons of the filament become excited which causes the filament to get hot and glow creating the light. When the tungsten is heated it sublimates which caused incandescent light bulbs to get darker over time. After being used for a certain amount of time, the tungsten wire becomes thin and breaks. This causes theShow MoreRelatedNick Holonyak And The Invention Of Light Diode ( Led )1384 Words   |  6 PagesNick Holonyak and the Invention of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Introduction Nick Holonyak was born in the United States of America in Zeigler, Illinois on the third of November in 1928. He was the son of the immigrants from the country, which is currently called Ukraine. Holonyak studied electrical engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he attained his Master’s along with his Ph.D. degrees and graduated in 1954 (Holonyak, 1962). He worked at the Bell Telephone LaboratoriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On Humans And The World1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmisdirected, or obtrusive light that is just as large of an issue. This variety of pollution is called light pollution or photo pollution. The effects of light pollution on humans and the world’s various ecosystems are various and need to be realized. Since their initial creation, light bulbs have continuously grown in number and type. Streets are now lined with bright yellow fluorescent, runways are now mapped out with multi-colored bulbs, etc. The utilization of light bulbs has expanded to whereRead MoreEssay about Compact Flourescent Lamp and the Environment3703 Words   |  15 PagesCompact Flourescent Lamp and the Environment Abstract Technological advances have come a long way since the incandescent light bulb. Today, the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) is the most energy efficient light bulb on the market. In the beginning, consumers had resistance toward the CFL. With governmental support in establishing energy-efficient lighting programs, the CFL have been able to stay in the market and improve throughout the years. Introduction With the advances in technologyRead MoreProsperity and Immigration of United States: Nikola Tesla Essay examples1535 Words   |  7 PagesHis whole life, and the world around him, was about to changed. The young Tesla built and successfully ran a prototype of his induction motor. At first, no one was interested in this invention so he later moved to the New York in 1884, looking for a better chance to show to the world of his groundbreaking invention, and later accepted a job offer from Thomas Edison. While working at Thomas Edison’s headquarters in Manhattan, Tesla amazed and impressed Edison with his inventiveness and thoroughnessRead MoreResearch Paper on Diode2926 Words   |  12 PagesLight Emitting Diodes (LEDs) ELE 432 Assignment # 3 Vijay Kumar Peddinti Light Emitting Diodes Principle Synopsis: To explain the theory and the underlying principle behind the functioning of an LED Brief History: †¢ The first known report of a light-emitting solid-state diode was made in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round. (material.eng.usm.my/stafhome/zainovia/EBB424e/LED1.ppt) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ In the mid 1920s, Russian Oleg Vladimirovich Losev independently created the first LED, although

Business Level Strategy for Digital Technology- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Level Strategy for Digital Technology. Answer: Impact of internet and digital technology in the market of Kuwait Competitive rivalry: The introduction of technology and internet has increased the access to the outer world for every individual. The internet is increasing the scope for trade in international market. Latest technology and internet access is allowing the buyers and sellers to meet at any point and get their desired product at desired value. The internet has many positive and negative aspects that are affecting the business in every way. The use of internet is increasing the communication between the consumer and seller and making it easy to understand the market. Along with the privilege, the internet is also increasing the competition for the business in the market. Earlier the businesses were limited only to a location or particular zone. Due to the introduction of internet, the businesses are getting chance to explore worldwide and expand their business across the world. The use of internet and latest technologies has introduced the companies to new customers and areas where the product was in deman d (Bosomworth 2015). This increased the scope for the businesspersons and business market to get a better opportunity to expand. At the same time, new rivals also arose from such sources. New companies and businesses got support from such technology and risked to introduce themselves for the global market. Thus, it can be concluded that internet, technology has benefited the business market, and at the same time, it has increased the threat to those business markets (Eid and El-Gohary 2013). Bargaining power of supplier: The technology and internet has helped the business to expand and increase their demand worldwide, thus leading to a brand name and popularity. This has affected the bargaining power of the suppliers in a negative way. Due to an increase in the demand, the company has made a revenue expansion and a better scope in future market. This has led to a demand in the supplier market for the company (Chaffey and Ellis-Chadwick 2016). The increased demand among the suppliers has decreased the bargaining power of the suppliers. The huge number of suppliers desired to provide material to the company and hence the company can choose among them according to their price satisfaction. This has led to a decrease in the supply power. However, the suppliers are also getting an open access to new and unknown companies those were not reachable earlier but due to technology and internet, the companies are available to them now. This might have provided the suppliers to choose among the companies but the supplier bargaining power is still affected in a negative way in this aspect(Abdulla, Naser and Saeid 2014). Bargaining power of consumers: The bargaining power of consumer has increased due to internet and technology. The technology has allowed a variety of choice to emerge for the consumers. Thus, it has become easy for the consumers to select as per their requirement and choice. The consumers can easily access the internet, site their preferable sites, and buy the product they require. Due to internet access a variety of brands and products are reachable to them in a single place. The customer bargaining power has increased and the scope for choice and selection has increased among the customers(Vinerean et al 2013). In Kuwait, the internet usage is quite high and hence it can be assumed that the consumers are using internet to purchase their product according to their choice. The country has a high cost of living if compared to other neighbouring countries. They have a high demand for goods and products and the transaction scale and ratio of consumer is high for the country(Martins,Oliveira and Popovi? 2014). Thus, i t can be concluded that the consumers of Kuwait has a high bargaining power. Threats to new entrants: Kuwait has a huge market for Oil and petroleum, at the same time they also have many new arising businesses. The new businesses are becoming a reason of threat for the previous businesses. The latest technology and internet is creating a scope for international market to reach the country and transact business over there. The country has an open economy system thus allowing new and foreign countries to trade with them. Introduction of internet is increasing the opportunity for foreign countries to enter the country and decrease the demand for local companies. The existing companies are losing their demand and power due to the new entrants. According to (Gupta 2013) Kuwait has a disposable income that are spent on luxury products and entertainment. The country spends a huge economy for luxury items like cars and mobile phones. The internet is opening the consumers access to the outer world thus allowing them to purchase these items from different countries and companies (Westerman, Bo nnet and McAfee 2014). The existing companies, which used to target these customers for their luxury demand, are losing their value. The high profit that the companies used to enjoy are reduced thus allowing the new companies to enter the market. Thus, it can be concluded that internet usage and technology development has increased the threats of new entrants in the market, affecting the existing business. Threat of substitutes: The improved technology and trends also tends to improve the income scale in various prospects. The emerging technology has also increased the scope for substitute product and services. The technology has made it easy for intruders to bring duplicate products, substitutes in the market. The alternate products come with an attractive offers or reasonable price, thus decreasing the demand for the real product. The competitive market has made the substitutes demand higher. People tend to buy products of same quality at reasonable price. The option for consumers also increases thus decreasing the demand for the product in the market(Drnevich,. and Croso 2013.). Companies that have ruled the economy are losing their power and monopoly in the market. The substitutes are also increasing the consumers choice in the market. Thus, to conclude the introduction of internet and digital technology has increased the chances for substitute products and services in the market. Threats to new entrants in small scale industry in Kuwait Insufficient capital- The existing companies already has raised revenue for them. The companies that will be new to the market have to raise fund equivalent to the present industry. The companies have to face the loss or no-profit situation for their business for first few months. The companies have to bear the cost themselves, as the consumers will take time to familiarise with the new product and start buying the product. The new companies can meet the issues by creating a market reputation and fame equivalent to the previous companies which had been standing in the market for a long time, thus a extra expenditure has to be incurred by the new company for marketing and advertisement. Lack of trust- The new companies will take time to gain the customers trust. The emerging companies will not be equally popular to the consumers as the existing companies are. The emerging companies have to take initiative to get familiarise to the consumers. They have to introduce new offers and discounts for attracting the consumers and increasing their demand in the market(Alonso-Almeida and Llach 2013). To mitigate the problem the companies should keep a record of their consumers and send them messages and reminders weekly or monthly to remind them about the service or product they took from the brand or business. They can start up new discounts and offers to attract the customers. They can take advantage of the high price of the existing companies and reduce their price to attract the customers. Kuwait consumers prefer previous trends- The customers/consumers tends to use old trends instead of changing the product with technology change. The consumers prefer old models or old brands instead of trying new brands and products. The consumers are not comfortable with new brands and this has caused a downfall in mobile market in 2016. According to (Kontot, Hamali and Abdullah 2016) the smart phone market has seen a massive decrease in the Kuwait market and only few old brands like blackberry are still used by the country. The only reason for such a downfall in the industry is the tendency of the customers to prefer the old brands. The problem can be solved if the consumers are educated about the advantages of the new technology and offerings by the companies. The consumers should be well informed about the privileges and advantages given by the new brands to the consumers. The companies can start-up workshops and demo sessions for the users where they will get to know about the w orking of the products. The consumers should be informed about the latest versions and updated version of products. Thus, if the consumers are well aware of the products then there are chances for the products to be accepted by the consumers (Labrecque et al). Lack of proper organizational goal- The companies lack a proper organizational goal. The new companies target for making a place in the market, at any cost. They tend to increase their position in the competitive business market and thus, lack the requirement for organizational goal. The company lacks the target for improving their skills and production or sale in the market. To meet the problem the companies should build a proper management team who will take care of this department. Regular meeting and feedback from workers is necessary to maintain the internal environment of the company. The managerial department should be more aim oriented and well informed about the company targets. The company should not aim only for a market position but also for the company goal. References: Abdulla, A.M., Naser, K. and Saeid, M., 2014. Employability factors of business graduates in Kuwait: Evidence from an emerging country.International Journal of Business and Management,9(10), p.49. Alonso-Almeida, M.D.M. and Llach, J., 2013. Adoption and use of technology in small business environments.The service industries journal,33(15-16), pp.1456-1472. Bosomworth, D., 2015. Mobile marketing statistics 2015.Leeds: Smart Insights (Marketing Intelligence) Ltd. Chaffey, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2016.Digital marketing. Prentice Hall. Drnevich, P.L. and Croson, D.C., 2013. Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective.Mis Quarterly,37(2). Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H., 2013. The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), pp.31-50. Gupta, A., 2013. Environmental and pest analysis: An approach to external business environment.Merit Research Journal of Art, Social Science and Humanities,1(2), pp.13-17. Kontot, K., Hamali, J. and Abdullah, F., 2016. Determining factors of customers preferences: a case of deposit products in islamic banking.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,224, pp.167-175. Labrecque, L.I., vor dem Esche, J., Mathwick, C., Novak, T.P. and Hofacker, C.F., 2013. Consumer power: Evolution in the digital age.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.257-269. Martins, C., Oliveira, T. and Popovi?, A., 2014. Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application.International Journal of Information Management,34(1), pp.1-13. Vinerean, S., Cetina, I., Dumitrescu, L. and Tichindelean, M., 2013. The effects of social media marketing on online consumer behavior.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), p.66. Westerman, G., Bonnet, D. and McAfee, A., 2014.Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation. Harvard Business Press.

Organisational Behaviour Immigrant Selection in the OECD

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Behaviour for Immigrant Selection in the OECD. Answer: Introduction The aim of the essay is to analyse critically the key arguments of the article written by Hutchinson and Boxall (2014) regarding management skills of chief executives in New Zealand. This study highlights strengths and weakness of this article along with the central theme of the essay. The concerned article discusses on the business environment of New Zealand and present economic condition. It explores the role of the Chief executives of a business in this context. The research of Hutchinson and Boxall considers public, private and not-for-profit organisation. The article highlights challenges faced by the business in New Zealand regarding resource management. The issue of brain drain is mentioned in this article. Different aspects of this article are critically reviewed argued in the current essay. Analysis of the article The article of Hutchison and Boxall (2014) is a report presented on a survey conducted over 265 chief executives of New Zealand. Main question of this article is to find out the issues faced by the chief executives in the current business environment in New Zealand. The business environment faces both opportunity and threats in global business environment especially after global financial crisis during 2007-08. New Zealand economy experienced decelerated growth during that time. Economic slowdown has created uncertainty in business environment (Docquier and Rapoport 2012). Brain drain is a consequence of this uncertainty. Chief executives of business organisation are facing challenge regarding their management skills due to effect of globalisation. Therefore, the article tried to find out risks and issues faced by the chiefs of the business organisations. It is mentioned in the article that the consequence of brain drain occurs in the economy of New Zealand as the citizens are moving more into the neighbouring country in search of better job opportunity. Primary industries, tourism sector and high value manufacturing sector are the base of the New Zealand economy. However, the New Zealander moves to the other economy to build up career in other sector. Therefore, a huge amount of brain occurs in this economy. Brain drain led to economy in resource crisis. In the view of Gibso and McKenzie (2012) as mentioned in the article, The economic consequences of brain drainof the best and brightest: Microeconomic evidence from five countries, a shortage of human resource capital or skilled labour occurs, which affect production at firm level and at national level. Hence, the chief of the business enterprise irrespective of private, public or not-for profit organisation faces problem in human resource management. This view of this reviewed artic le is supported in the article, Immigrant Selection in the OECD of Belot and Hatton (2012), government policies, lack of dynamic business environment in home country and lack of managerial capabilities among the organisational leaders are the reasons of brain drain. As cited in the article of Marchiori, Shen and Docquier (2013), the number large firms operating in heavy industries are small in number. Moreover, the size of the large industries is not significantly large in New Zealand. The people who want to build up their career in the field of automobile, aerospace find less opportunity in New Zealand job market. Lack of favourite job suitable of their choice creates problem in talent recruitment and management in the economy. Boeri (2012) mentioned in the book Brain drain and brain gain: The global competition to attract high-skilled migrants that in the small and informal organisation of New Zealand, empowering style of management is followed. However, existing opportunities are not able to manage brain drain and facilitate to the business in this economy. Weakness of this article The analysis has some limitations. The article focuses on the globalisation effect mainly. The focus is less on the domestic competition among the business organisation. Shifts of workers across different sectors within the economy have not been discussed much in this article. The implication of the participatory management style in the organisations has not been discussed on this study. Strength of the article The strong point of the article of Hutchison and Boxall (2014) is that he survey has been conducted on a large number of business executives to get a reliable analysis. Qualitative analysis of this survey has made the analysis robust. The article has highlighted several economic aspects that have impact on the domestic labour market. It has consider the effect of global financial crisis on the economy. It has clearly demonstrated lack of managerial skills of the organisational leaders. Methods of research and results have described extensively with a graphical presentation of the result. Recommendations have been made to improve management skills of the leaders. The literature has given the view that mangers of the organisation require the capabilities to manage risks and uncertainties of the ongoing business environment. Business environment has been dynamic after globalisation. Resource mobilisation is an inevitable consequence of globalisation (Dychtwald, Erickson and Morison 2013). Therefore, business has to experience an organisational change. In order to retain human resource in business and manage complex business situation, the managers and the chief executives need political and interpersonal skills (Sharhan and Yazdanifard 2014). The article has mentioned that mangers need to have proficient to control production using limited resources. View point Yu et al. (2013) mentioned in the research paper that some interpersonal skills are required for the CEO to increase the profitability of the organisation in the era of globalisation and technological innovation. It is stated in this study that CEO needs to be innovative in management process. The chief of an organisation needs to be able to anticipate the possible changes in the business cycle in future and requires being strategic accordingly. An important quality of the manager is risk-taking attitude. Leaders requires to optimistic. Effective interpersonal skills of management increase the chance of profitability. If the existing employees rely on their leaders, employee turnover reduces. In the view of Cappelli and Novelli (2013), good communication and management skill of leaders can helps to grow a small business into a large one. If the scope of career development in New Zealand increases, the possibility of brain drain in the economy decreases. Collaboration and good relatio n with the stakeholders facilitates the business progress. CEO can take innovative initiative such as collaboration with business organisation in other countries. Key points The key findings of the survey is that Chief executives of New Zealand faces constrained funding due to less investment opportunity in this country. However, Knight (2015) argued that New Zealand came in the third place in Forbes Best country for Business report during 2014. Business outlook of this country is prospective compared to other developed nations. Ismail, Kunasegaran and Rasdi (2014) mentioned that labour market is flexible in this economy with net positive immigration. Therefore, the review literature findings of brain drain are not the only reason for facing challenge by chiefs in managing their skills. Falato, Li and Milbourn (2015) argued that financial crisis has important implication on business. Therefore, the chief executives of small and medium size business can take safeguard as financial management in order to protect business. The reviewed article has recommended that stability of business increase reliability of the stakeholders, which helps in business innovation. (Sharhan and Yazdanifard 2014) support this view of this article. Improvement in pay scale, scope of promotion, opportunity of favourite career choice, improvement quality of living, added facility to the employees same as offered by the multinational companies, flexible work environment can reduce the emigrant of domestic human capital in other countries. Investment in research and development by the organisation can improve the scope of learning opportunity and career growth. Opportunity to the domestic organisation for efficient resource utilisation and employing skilled labour in the production increases. T alent management is tough job for the organisation. Human talent is like an asset for the economy. They increase the value of economic product. Hence, the management of an organisation has important in this respect. Conclusion The essay had analysed the central concept described in the article, The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills written by Hutchison and Boxall. This article has studied the challenges faced by the chief executives of the business organisation regarding management skills in New Zealand. The article has found out the challenges faced by small and medium business organisation due to changing business environment, globalisation and technological innovation. Globalisation effect has increase the talent war among different sectors globally. Therefore, the New Zealand economy has been facing brain drain in domestic economy. Global financial crisis has significant impact on the economy of New Zealand. This event has reduced uncertainty and reliability of investment opportunity in this country. Hence, domestic people move to other countries for better opportunity. The study has found out that the main reason of brain drain is lack of care er growth opportunity in the domestic economy. In order to restrict the emigration and drain of human resource, the management of business origination has significant role. Their interpersonal and communication skills, innovation and entrepreneurial skills can reduce the extent of brain drain. The current essay has critically analysed different key point of the article supported by other authors and articles in this context. References Belot, M.V. and Hatton, T.J., 2012. Immigrant Selection in the OECD.The Scandinavian Journal of Economics,114(4), pp.1105-1128. [retrived from https://www.rse.anu.edu.au/researchpapers/CEPR/DP571.pdf] Boeri, T. ed., 2012.Brain drain and brain gain: The global competition to attract high-skilled migrants. Oxford University Press. Cappelli, P. and Novelli, B., 2013.Managing the older worker: How to prepare for the new organizational order. Harvard Business Press. Docquier, F. and Rapoport, H., 2012. Globalization, brain drain, and development.Journal of Economic Literature,50(3), pp.681-730. Dychtwald, K., Erickson, T.J. and Morison, R., 2013.Workforce crisis: How to beat the coming shortage of skills and talent. Harvard Business Press. Falato, A., Li, D. and Milbourn, T., 2015. Which skills matter in the market for CEOs? Evidence from pay for CEO credentials.Management Science,61(12), pp.2845-2869. Gibson, J. and McKenzie, D., 2012. The economic consequences of brain drainof the best and brightest: Microeconomic evidence from five countries.The Economic Journal,122(560), pp.339-375. [retrived from https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/4946/Economics_wp_1005.pdf?sequence=3isAllowed=y] Ismail, M., Kunasegaran, M. and Rasdi, R.M., 2014. Evidence of reverse brain drain in selected Asian countries: Human resource management lessons for Malaysia.Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, (1), pp.31-48. Knight, J., 2015. Internationalization brings important benefits as well as risks.International Higher Education, (46). Marchiori, L., Shen, I.L. and Docquier, F., 2013. Brain drain in globalization: a general equilibrium analysis from the sending countries'perspective.Economic Inquiry,51(2), pp.1582-1602. Sharhan, N.A. and Yazdanifard, R., 2014. Implying an International Strategic Recruitment and Its Impact on Local Workers.American Journal of Industrial and Business Management,2014. Yu, C.M., Piew, T.H. and Fai, F.K., 2013 Brain Drain, Talent Mobility And Academic Networking. [retrived from https://admin.umt.edu.pk/Media/Site/SBE/SubSites/JMR/FileManager/Brain%20Drain.pdf]

Good Research Paper Topics on Hamlet

Good Research Paper Topics on HamletWhen you want to write a good research paper, it's important to write about topics that are actually related to your topic, and not on general topics. What's the point of writing an entire paper on the benefit of using car insurance if the whole point is in the last paragraph?To get you started, here are three good research paper topics on Hamlet for you to consider. You may find that these ideas will help you write a good research paper: Is Hamlet's act of piety a mistake, or a moral act? Hamlet's act of piety, written in the third person, could be considered as Hamlet's personal piety.The Bishop's sermon, written in the first person, can be seen as a great analysis of Hamlet's reaction to his guilt over The Tragedy of King Lear. In fact, the first paragraph is quite good as well. It sets the stage for what will come later in the paper.The quotation in the second paragraph is one way to create a good research paper. Not only does it set the stage for what comes later, but it provides a great source material for your third paragraph. Use this quotation to get your point across. What makes it unique is that it was actually written by Hamlet himself.The third paragraph is the one place to explain what motivates Hamlet. If he simply wanted to see his father satisfied, why did he go to Bath's church? Why did he show mercy on a king that he loved? Why did he allow Ophelia to be murdered?Without getting too philosophical, these questions need to be answered in the third paragraph. It gives Hamlet's perspective on the whole play.Of course, you also need to be sure that you are being logical in your arguments. Any argument you use should be supported by facts. However, this doesn't mean that you have to resort to factual inaccuracies. It just means that you need to be sure that you have proof that Hamlet has acted incorrectly, rather than making an argument based solely on emotions.One more thing to keep in mind when writing a good r esearch paper on Hamlet is to always change things up a bit, and introduce new points. As with any creative work, you want to keep things interesting, so keep your audience's attention by surprising them with new information, and exciting twists on old ideas.

How to Write a College Essay For Graduate School

How to Write a College Essay For Graduate SchoolWriting a college essay for graduate school is not an easy task. You need to have strong writing skills, experience with college-level work, and some discipline in your writing life. The following tips will help you get the most out of your time as you write your sample essay.Writing a well-crafted college paper has a number of elements that make it distinct from an average college essay. The first step to writing a good sample essay is to prepare your writing tools and materials ahead of time. Researching on-line will give you the answers you are looking for regarding writing a great essay.In order to better prepare for the actual work, you should try to find a college or university's instructor that can guide you in the writing process. He or she will be able to tell you what you need to do in order to prepare your papers in advance. You can also ask them for advice concerning the types of topics you need to cover.Writing samples are an effective way to learn about the right writing style for your writing style. A writing sample can be obtained from several sources such as an instructor, course catalogs, or from your professor. From these samples, you can decide which one would best fit your needs.The first step to the writing process is to choose a topic to be written about. You will use this topic in the writing of your sample essay. It is important to know what you need to write about in order to make a thorough research, and in addition to this, to write concisely.Since there are many different ways in which writing a college essay for graduate school can differ, you should choose a topic that you are familiar with. You should also make sure that your topic is something that is relevant to the type of writing that you will be doing in the future. Remember that you will have to use that topic in the work that you will eventually do for school.The next thing you will want to do is select your own writing style . Your professor may tell you to use your writing style when you write your essay. Before you begin, however, you should make sure that you write like you have always written, to better prepare for your work.Writing a college essay for graduate school is very time consuming, but you should be prepared to write a high quality, professional grade. When you are ready to start writing, you should take advantage of the writing sample guides that are available online. These sample essays are a great way to start, and once you are done with one, you can re-use them in many other situations, such as when you have a resume to revise.

Assignment 1 “ How Language Works Essay Example

Assignment 1 â€Å" How Language Works Essay ASSIGNMENT 1 â€Å" HOW LANGUAGE WORKS To maintain confidentiality, the learner I have selected for this assignment will be referred to as John. John is a 30 year old single male, living at home with both parents. He has a full time job in a distribution centre, employed as a forklift truck driver. He has worked in this field for the last 12 years and in this particular company, for 3 years. John was born in Coventry and has a brother who is two years older. During early years at school, John and his brother, were described by teachers, as disruptive and badly behaved and both were excluded from normal classroom activities, spending much of the school day isolated from classmates and working alone. John remembers this well and said that being excluded from the classroom at his first school damaged his confidence greatly. At that young age, he was unable to explain to the teachers that he could not understand. Whenever he tried, he was accused of being naughty. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment 1 â€Å" How Language Works specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment 1 â€Å" How Language Works specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment 1 â€Å" How Language Works specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When John was 7 years old his parents moved to Bedworth, Warwickshire and John started at a new school. Within weeks, the teachers identified that there was a problem with both brothers and they began assessments, including dyslexia testing. Support was put into place and improvements in behaviour were soon seen. John was diagnosed as dyslexic when he was 11 years old, which coincided with moving up to secondary school. He had made good progress at junior school, with the additional support that had been provided and this continued throughout his secondary education. John was provided with a teaching assistant and additional resources, that were available to him. Rice (2004:11) states that the term dyslexiaâ„ ¢ is problematic; there are many definitions, with varying degrees of overlapâ„ ¢. He argues that it is not particularly helpful for teachers to distinguish between those who are dyslexic and those who are ordinary poor readersâ„ ¢. John remembers his secondary edu cation as being a very positive experience. He did suffer at the hands of bullies and was often called names. Ultimately, this led to some confrontations when he was 15 years old, but the school dealt with the issues and his final year at school was good, resulting in John gaining three GCSEâ„ ¢s at grade D. It is interesting to note that his father was diagnosed as dyslexic in 2002 after years of believing he was just did not do well at school. In everyday life, John explained that he uses avoidance tactics in situations where he needs to read. At work, during team briefings there are often information sheets handed out. John will joke that he canâ„ ¢t be bothered to read it right now, or puts it in his bag to read later. Only his superior is aware of his dyslexia and John has requested that the information remains confidential. He explained that he does not want to become an easy target for some of his colleagues and fears if they know he is dyslexic, he will either be subjected to constant jokes about being stupid or treated with pity. John enjoys fishing a great deal and is very knowledgeable. He spends a much of his free time doing solitary activities and freely admits that he prefers his own company. From the initial assessments that were carried out earlier in the year, John is working entry level 3 at text, sentence and word level. ORAL SKILLS John has a very strong regional midlands accent and typical dialect associated with the area. He has a naturally loud voice and speaks clearly with some nasal sounds. I noticed in our discussion preparation sessions John is able to tailor his speech to the audience. He appears to be less formal in the general class environment speaking in normal everyday language including localised slang, but was able to adapt his speech to suit a more formal discussion environment. There are variations in Johnâ„ ¢s speech and he uses local dialect such as ainâ„ ¢t (am not) inâ„ ¢it (isnâ„ ¢t it) and pronunciations are local such as, wonâ„ ¢t/donâ„ ¢t pronounced as wunt/dunt. However, he refrains from including the localised slang when he is speaking formally. Jean Aitchison said We human beings are odd compared with our nearest animal relatives. Unlike them, we can say what we want, when we want. All normal humans can produce and understand any number of new words and sentences. Humans use multiple options of language often without thinking. But blindly, they sometimes fall into itsâ„ ¢ traps. They are like spiders who exploit their webs, but themselves get caught in the sticky strands (2012, The University of Warwick) John is a pragmatic speaker. The language he uses is appropriate to the audience and his verbal communication is good. He uses body language and expression to accompany his speech. His pitch changes accordingly, throughout the conversation and he uses variable tones of voice. Openings of conversations include the exchange of greetings and John is aware of speech etiquette, an example of which is turn taking. During conversations, John will ask questions and whilst the answer is being given, will make back-channel noises such as uh-huh. He also responds non-verbally by nodding or shaking his head if he does not agree. I noticed that the head shaking comes before a verbal response when he is not in agreement with something. He does not pause often when speaking and could best be described as a transactional speaker, he provides information with clarity, therefore he is also a referential speaker. TEXT LEVEL For the purpose of this assignment, I had asked John to write approximately 200 words including a little about himself and his interests (Appendix 1) I know that John does not have a lot of confidence in writing and that he found this very challenging. It would be unclear as to what purpose the text serves or to the audience it is meant for had I not had prior knowledge of the reasons for the text. It has been presented as a small self-portrait of oneâ„ ¢s hobbies or even life, the informal style and the fact that the text does not fully converge on any specific topic, makes it rather difficult to predict the audience and the purpose. It is also clear in the text that John is not too intent to write, as is seen in the last paragraph; but obviously is proud of his own self at being able to finally write a full descriptive essay about his activities and hobbies. This along with the fact that he is attending college to increase his knowledge and overall understanding of reading and writing, further makes the indication that he is just learning and has obviously improved a lot since. John completed the text in an informal language and style therefore it is appropriate for the purpose and the audience. COHESION AND COHERENCE Although the content of text is by far cohesive, it lacks coherence to a very large extent. Initially the text spoke about fishing and Johnâ„ ¢s hobbies and interests in photography and film. The three main topics are connected but are hardly coherent as they lack any specific aim. The jumpy transitions from the description of fishing as a weekend past time, to watching films, especially the abrupt jump to the talk about pets are rather incoherent and in parts lacks cohesiveness. A number of connectives have been used like so that, I do take, so etc. that adds to the cohesiveness and clarity of the text, although in some places the usage is not really required. Referencing has been hardly used. John uses the word fishing repetitively as also in the instances where he uses the word film twice and the phrase a lot of pets. The lexis and register of the text is clearly identified from words like mate, carp-fishing, we go, sunsetâ„ ¢s and sunrises etc. The over-usage of linking devices and the lack of referencing and the typical use of lexis and register make the text forcefully cohesive while it lacks the essential element of coherence. SENTENCE LEVEL The structure of the sentences is very flawed and has a childish nature. The syntax has no regard to tense (I am watching films, we got a lot) or to grammar and formation (e.g. birds lotâ„ ¢s of birds). The sentences lack punctuation a number of times and in few places are punctuated erroneously. The sentence type is declarative throughout and the usage of compound sentences is not seen much. John uses small simple sentences like I do a lot of fishing. Thatâ„ ¢s carp-fishing. The use of clauses is absent in some places and in others misplaced. The absence can be clearly seen in the large number of simple sentences that could have been clubbed into a compound one using a suitable clause; instances such as the description of fishing, three sentences and pets, a number of jumbled up simple sentences. In places like so that means I load, Friday morning before work, which is etc. the clauses manage to clearly explain the meaning, though the usage seems to be flawed and overly done at times. WORD LEVEL The learner seems to have mastered English morphology of forming words using differences in tense from their root words. The authorâ„ ¢s lexis and vocabulary seems to lack in the essential smaller details of English language such as the usage of determiners, conjunctions and prepositions. At placed like fishing and shooting, trapping, etc. small words like, and have been misplaced. John appears to belong from an educated background yet one from where the use of correct grammar or vocabulary both in spoken and written language is not much stressed. From the last paragraph it is also evident that John does not write or read a lot. Obviously, this is because of his dyslexia. There is also some confusion with homophones and in tis particular text, he confuses to. His spoken pronunciation affects the spelling in places where the words have been spelled as they have been spoken; enjoy has been misspelled as injoy, straight as straet, chicken as chicking and course as cores. Although, John has mastered some aspects of English, his inflectional morphology clearly suffers where all the plurals have been written as with an apostrophe. Small improvements in these areas of morphology and uses of conjunction etc. as well as spellings will help John to use more complex statements, increase text quality and remove some useless features of his text. PROGRESSION John has been attending literacy and numeracy classes at college for four years. He passed Adult Literacy level 1 in 2010 and was working towards level 2 but unfortunately was unable to take the exam before the qualification changed. John came to the group expecting to take Functional Skills level 2 but now realises that the qualification is very different to the previous adult literacy certificate and has now accepted that level 1 is a more realistic goal for this academic year. Each individual dyslexic learner is different and will display a different set of strengths and weaknesses, and we therefore cannot provide a complete definition for dyslexia that will reflect the difficulties of every learner (Rice, 2004). Because of his dyslexia, John has always felt that he is being held back and he is extremely focused on learning to read and write more effectively. One of the primary difficulties in dyslexia, is that of phonological processing. One theory suggests that dyslexic learners experience difficulties with phonological representations in their working memory and research supports that this is the case (Mortimore, 2003). Mortimore (2003) also reports that dyslexic learners do not seem to use phonological mnemonics ¦as readily as othersâ„ ¢, that they have difficulty maintaining phonological information using rehearsal or repetitionâ„ ¢ and that they do not spontaneously attach verbal labels to picturesâ„ ¢. I feel it is important for John to revisit phonics and have introduced a resource to him that includes pictures. Initially he was apprehensive about using it but having had chance to evaluate, he realises it is a useful tool and is happy to continue using it. John needs to be able to identify the phonological sounds in order to develop his understanding of decoding words. The learning programme should be well structured and include explicit teaching of phonology and phonics as well as exposure to a range of texts. The focus for Johnâ„ ¢s progress should not just be on his literacy needs, but consideration must be made of his emotional and cognitive needs, life skills and coping strategies. There are obvious issues with tenses and punctuation and these will form part of group session work with additional hard copy resources. Chappel and Walker (2001) found that three strands of provision were necessary to help adults with dyslexia: a structured language programmeâ„ ¢, life skillsâ„ ¢ and coping strategiesâ„ ¢. There is also the opportunity to work on inflections and homophones to add clarity to the learning. I will be introducing some repetitive writing patterns for John to work through over the coming weeks and the aim is for him to work on constructing more complex sentences, concentrating particularly on cohesion and coherence. I also think that focus should be out on text, the structure and chronological texts, use of paragraphs and how meaning is built. Now that John is more comfortable in the group, reading will be in the form of both paired and group work. John works particularly well with a specific member of the class he attends and I aim to pair them together. Teachers should work with learners to investigate which teaching approaches work best. To this end, they must ensure that students learn to name their experiences and develop their voices. This is particularly important for dyslexic students, who have long complained that their descriptions if learning are ignored, as if irrelevant to the teaching process. If teachers will only listen, students will explain the nature of their dyslexia and then methods can be generated accordingly. (Nora Hughes, 2010) Appendices Appendix 1 â€Å" Learner text REFERENCES: Mortimore, T, 2003. Dyslexia and learning style: a practionerâ„ ¢s handbook, 2nd ed. London: Whurrs Publishers pp.110/264 Rice, M, 2004. Developmental dyslexia in adults: a research review. London: NRDC pp. 113 Nora Hughes Irene Schwab (2010). Teaching Adult Literacy. London: The Open University. Pp. 324 325. The University of Warwick (2012). Spoken discourse. In: Day 3, November 7th 2012, Warwick University. pp. 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Geert E. Booij., The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology, 2nd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 2007. Jones A., 1998, Why Are Logical Connectives Sometimes Detrimental to Coherence, Chapter 12. Halliday, M.A.K; and Ruqayia Hasan., 1976: Cohesion in English. London: Longman. 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Research Topics for Your Term Paper

Research Topics for Your Term PaperWhen you are writing a term paper on a particular topic, it is possible to research your topics. This will help you to develop the material in a much better manner and at the same time it will make it easier for you to finish a term paper on the topic. By researching topics for your term paper, you can also be more relaxed and make it more interesting to read through.This step should only be done when you have decided on the possible topics that you wish to research and that you wish to write about. Most term papers are written on one topic only and are left with the knowledge of another topic. With this, there is always room for a research paper, even if there is no one researching the subject.There are many sites online that will offer you the best research information. These sites offer information that you can use for your research. Many of these sites will help you in the research process, by providing you with step by step instructions for how to do the research.Some of these sites will provide you with sample research articles for your research. When you research an article, they will help you learn what to look for and what not to look for. They can also help you understand what information can be found with just a little bit of research. This way, you will know what information to look for and what not to look for.You can find many of these. When you want to find the best information on topics, then you can check out some of the online sites that are offering the information for you.When you research a specific topic, you will also be able to get information on this topic at that specific time. When you research a topic, it will also allow you to learn about the current events that are happening in that particular area. Some researchers would prefer to do this research on the specific topics. This will allow them to have all the facts that they need to complete their research for their term paper. Some people prefer t o do research online, but there are some who would prefer to do the research on the specific topic.The reason why some people choose to do research online is because there are many ways for them to access research on the internet. Some of the ways they can do this include using their computer or tablet, using the phone book or visiting one of the sites listed above. Some people would not even use their laptop or the phone book because they would not want to waste valuable time searching for the right information.